Frequently Asked Questions

Solar panels convert sunlight into electricity using photovoltaic (PV) cells. When sunlight hits the cells, it creates an electrical field that generates direct current (DC) electricity. An inverter then converts this to alternating current (AC) that can power your home. Any excess electricity can be exported to the grid or stored in a battery.

Most solar panels come with a 25-30 year performance warranty and can continue producing electricity for even longer. After 25 years, panels typically still produce around 80-85% of their original capacity. With no moving parts, solar panels require minimal maintenance and are built to withstand UK weather conditions.

Yes, solar panels work in cloudy conditions, though at reduced efficiency. They generate electricity from daylight, not just direct sunlight. In the UK, you can expect panels to produce around 10-25% of their peak output on overcast days. Modern panels are increasingly efficient at capturing diffuse light.

A typical 4kW system (suitable for most households) requires around 20-28 square metres of roof space. This usually means 10-14 panels depending on their efficiency. South-facing roofs are ideal, but east and west-facing roofs can also work well. Your installer will assess your specific roof and recommend the optimal setup.

The average cost for a residential solar panel system in the UK is £5,000-£11,000, depending on system size and panel quality. A typical 4kW system costs around £6,000-£8,000. Prices have decreased significantly in recent years, and the investment typically pays for itself within 8-12 years through electricity savings.

Most households save £300-£500 per year on electricity bills with solar panels. Your actual savings depend on your electricity usage, system size, and how much of the generated electricity you use directly. With battery storage, savings can be even higher as you can use stored solar energy in the evening.

While the Feed-in Tariff closed in 2019, the Smart Export Guarantee (SEG) pays you for electricity you export to the grid. Some local councils offer grants or interest-free loans for renewable energy. The ECO4 scheme may also help eligible households. VAT on solar panel installations is currently 0% until 2027.

The SEG is a government scheme requiring energy suppliers with over 150,000 customers to pay you for electricity exported to the grid. Rates vary between suppliers (typically 3-15p per kWh), so it's worth comparing offers. You'll need MCS-certified equipment and an export meter to participate.

Most residential installations are completed in 1-2 days. The process includes mounting the panels on your roof, installing the inverter, connecting the system to your electricity supply, and testing. Scaffolding is usually erected the day before and removed shortly after installation.

Most domestic solar panel installations are 'permitted development' and don't require planning permission. However, permission may be needed if your home is listed, in a conservation area, or if panels would protrude more than 200mm from the roof. Your installer can advise on your specific situation.

Properly installed solar panels should not damage your roof. Installers use mounting systems designed to protect roof integrity, and any drill holes are sealed with weatherproofing. A reputable installer will assess your roof condition beforehand and won't install on roofs that need repair.

Solar panels typically add value to your property - studies show buyers are willing to pay more for homes with solar. The system stays with the house when you sell. Some installers offer transfer services if you want to move panels to a new property, though this isn't always cost-effective.

MCS (Microgeneration Certification Scheme) is a quality assurance scheme for renewable energy installers and products. Using an MCS-certified installer ensures your system meets required standards and qualifies you for the Smart Export Guarantee. It also provides consumer protection and may be required for some finance options.

Look for MCS certification, positive customer reviews, and established track record. Get at least 3 quotes to compare. Check they offer comprehensive warranties (typically 10-25 years on panels, 5-10 years on inverters). Verify their insurance coverage and ask about their after-sales support.

A good quote should detail: panel brand and specifications, inverter type, total system size (kW), estimated annual generation, breakdown of all costs, predicted savings and payback period, warranty information, and installation timeline. Be wary of quotes that seem too good to be true.

Battery storage lets you use solar energy after dark, increasing self-consumption from around 30% to 70-80%. It adds £3,000-£8,000 to system cost but can significantly increase savings. Consider your usage patterns - batteries benefit those away during the day who use more electricity in evenings.

Rain usually keeps panels sufficiently clean. However, performance can drop 5-10% if panels are very dirty. In dusty areas or under trees, annual cleaning may help. If you notice reduced output, a professional clean might be worthwhile. Never use abrasive materials or pressure washers.

Most modern systems include monitoring apps showing real-time generation, historical data, and alerts for any issues. Your installer will set this up during installation. Monitoring helps ensure your system performs optimally and can quickly identify any problems.

Solar panels typically come with 25-30 year performance warranties guaranteeing at least 80% output. Product warranties covering defects are usually 10-25 years. Inverters typically have 5-12 year warranties, with options to extend. Installation workmanship warranties should be at least 2 years.

Modern panels rarely fail completely, but if one does, it can be replaced individually. Most failures are covered by warranty. Your monitoring system will alert you to underperforming panels. Contact your installer who can diagnose and resolve issues - this is why choosing a reliable installer matters.